Anatomy - Iliacomesenteric venous bypass in superior mesenteric artery occlusion—Vascular Surgery - vascular surgery
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Abdominal aorta
Origin
- It is the extension of the thoracic aorta after it passes through the aortic hiatus at the level of 12th thoracic vertebra (T12)
Course
- Retroperitoneal
- Left of midline, anterior to spine
- At the level of umbilicus/4th lumbar vertebra (L4) dividing (aortic bifurcation) into the common iliac arteries
Cephalocaudal branches
- Inferior phrenic arteries
- Celiac trunk
- Middle suprarenal artery (left and right)
- Superior mesenteric artery
- Renal artery (left and right)
- Ovarian / testicular artery (left and right)
- Lumbar arteries
- Inferior mesenteric artery
- Median sacral artery
Distribution
- Paired branches: abdominal wall, paired retroperitoneal organs, gonads
- Unpaired branches: spleen, unpaired digestive organs
Paired branches of the abdominal aorta
Main branches
Course
Branches and their distribution
Inferior phrenic artery
- Courses craniad on inferior aspect of diaphragm toward its dome
- Reticular division into several terminal branches
Superior suprarenal artery: adrenal gland
Terminal branches: Inferior aspect of diaphragm
Middle suprarenal artery
- Courses laterad to the adrenal glands
Terminal branches: adrenal glands
Renal artery
- Arises at around the level of the first / second lumbar vertebra (L1-2)
- Right renal artery: courses posterior to inferior vena cava and head of pancreas to right kidney
- Left renal artery: courses posterior to body of pancreas to left kidney
Inferior suprarenal artery: adrenal gland
Ovarian artery,
Testicular artery
- Arises inferior to the renal arteries /second lumbar vertebra (L2) from anterior aspect of aorta
- Crosses over psoas muscle, ureter and external iliac arteries to suspensory ligament of ovary / deep inguinal ring and testes
Ovarian artery ovary, parts of uterine tube
Testicular artery: testes, epididymides
Lumbar arteries (bilateral 4)
- Run laterad posterior to psoas muscle over 1st to 4th lumbar vertebra (L1–4)
- Anastomose with arteries of the anterior abdominal wall (superior and inferior epigastric arteries, iliolumbar artery, deep circumflex iliac artery)
Spinal branches: spinal canal
Terminal branches: abdominal wall, muscles of the back
Unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta
Arterial pelvic blood supply
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