Anatomy - Transfemoral Fogarty balloon catheter embolectomy in embolic occlusion of the left external iliac artery—Vascular Surgery - vascular surgery
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Arterial pelvic blood supply
- The abdominal aorta divides at the aortic bifurcation (around level L4) into both common iliac arteries
- In turn, each common iliac artery divides into an internal and external iliac artery
- With its visceral branches, the internal iliac artery supplies mainly the pelvic organs, while its parietal branches ensure the blood supply to the lower extremities
- The external iliac artery contributes to the pelvic blood supply and, after passing through the vascular compartment (lacuna vasorum retroinguinalis), becomes the femoral artery
1. Internal iliac artery
Origin
- Arises from the common iliac artery immediately inferior to the aortic bifurcation
Course
- Courses caudad over the superior border of the greater sciatic foramen
Relation
- Posterior: internal iliac vein, pirirformis muscle, lumbosacral plexus
- Anterior: ureter
- Lateral: external iliac vein, psoas major
- Inferior: obturator nerve
Branches
Visceral branches:
- Umbilical arteries
- Inferior vesical artery
- Middle rectal artery
- In women: Uterine artery
Parietal branches:
- Iliolumbar artery
- Lateral sacral arteries
- Superior gluteal artery
- Inferior gluteal artery
- Obturator artery
- Internal pudendal artery
Distribution
- Pelvic organs, gluteal muscles
2. External iliac artery
Origin
- Arises from the common iliac artery immediately distal to the origin of the internal iliac artery
Course
- Courses along the major psoas muscle to the inguinal ligament, and after passing through the vascular compartment becomes the femoral artery
Relation
- The right external iliac artery courses posterior to the ureter
Branches
- The deep iliac circumflex artery courses to the superior iliac spine and joins the Iliolumbar artery and superior gluteal artery
- The inferior epigastric artery runs craniad medial to the deep inguinal ring and between the transverse abdominis and rectus abdominis muscles; other branches include the cremasteric artery and artery of round ligament of uterus
Distribution
- Iliac bone, inferior aspect of abdominal wall
Arterial blood supply to the lower extremity
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