Anatomy - Retrograde iliofemoral TEA (ring stripper disobliteration) on the right with profunda patch plasty

• arises directly caudal to the aortic bifurcation from the common iliac artery

• passes over the upper margin of the greater sciatic foramen caudally

• dorsal: internal iliac vein, piriformis muscle, lumbosacral plexus
• ventral: ureter
• lateral: external iliac vein, psoas major muscle
• caudal: obturator nerve

visceral branches:

• Umbilical artery
• Inferior vesical artery
• Middle rectal artery
• in women: uterine artery

parietal branches:

• Iliolumbar artery
• Lateral sacral arteries
• Superior gluteal artery
• Inferior gluteal artery
• Obturator artery
• Internal pudendal artery

• Pelvic organs, gluteal musculature

• postnatal obliteration to the medial umbilical ligament
• remaining branches: superior vesical arteries, in men: artery of the ductus deferens

• Urinary bladder body
• in men: ductus deferens

• branching in the fundus of the urinary bladder into small branches

• Urinary bladder
• in men: prostate, seminal vesicles

• branching in the middle rectal segment
• anastomoses with the superior and inferior rectal arteries

• Ampulla recti
• in women: vagina
• in men: prostate

• passes over the ureter
• tortuous course in the broad ligament of the uterus
• gives off numerous small branches

• Ovary
• Uterine tube
• proximal vagina
• Uterus

• runs obliquely upward to the iliopsoas muscle

• Psoas major muscle
• Iliacus muscle

• Superior branch: runs medially through the 1st or 2nd anterior sacral foramen and exits again through the posterior sacral foramen
• Inferior branch: passes over the piriformis muscle and medial to the sacral foramina on the sacrum caudally

• Sacral canal
• Piriformis muscle
• Muscles/skin dorsal to the sacrum

• passes with the superior gluteal nerve through the suprapiriform foramen and with branches to the gluteus maximus muscle (superficial branch) and gluteus medius muscle (deep branch)

• Gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus muscles
• Piriformis muscle
• Tensor fasciae latae muscle
• Skin over the sacrum

• passes on the piriformis muscle caudally through the infrapiriform foramen
• then runs together with the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve and sciatic nerve through the gluteus maximus muscle

• Gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus muscles
• Piriformis muscle
• Quadriceps femoris muscle
• Skin of the lower buttock and proximal thigh

• passes along the lateral pelvic wall forward and downward
• branches to the ilium and iliacus muscle
• after passing through the obturator canal, gives off further branches, including the pubic branch (anastomoses with the inferior epigastric artery to form the corona mortis) and the posterior branch (branch: acetabular artery -> artery of the femoral head)

• Ilium
• Iliacus muscle
• Thigh adductors
• Pubis
• External hip muscles
• Femoral head

• runs ventral to the sacral plexus towards the infrapiriform foramen
• re-enters the lesser pelvis via the lesser sciatic foramen, through the pudendal canal, and branches in the ischiorectal fossa

• Distal third of the rectum
• Anal canal
• Urethra
• Scrotal skin/labia
• Bulb of the penis/of the vestibule
• Dorsum of the penis/clitoral prepuce

• arises caudal to the internal iliac artery from the common iliac artery

• runs along the psoas major muscle to the inguinal ligament, through the vascular lacuna, and here becomes the femoral artery

• The right external iliac artery runs beneath the ureter

• The deep circumflex iliac artery runs to the superior iliac spine and anastomoses with the iliolumbar artery and superior gluteal artery
• The inferior epigastric artery runs medial to the deep inguinal ring cranially and between the transversus abdominis muscle and the rectus abdominis muscle; further branches include the cremasteric artery and the artery of the round ligament of the uterus

• Ilium, lower portion of the abdominal wall