Complications - Cesarean section

Bleeding

• Injuries to large blood vessels or poor uterine contraction.
• Measures: Hemostasis techniques, blood transfusion.

Injuries to Adjacent Organs

• Bowel: Perforations or injuries due to dissection.
• Bladder: Lacerations.
• Ureter: Rare, but possible with adhesions.
• Measures: Immediate repair by specialists, postoperative imaging.

Fetal Injuries

• Lacerations during extraction of the child.
• Measures: Immediate neonatal care.

Technical Difficulties

• Adhesions complicate access to the uterus.
• Measures: Targeted surgical dissection, adhesion barriers.

Anesthesia Complications

• Hypotension, allergic reactions, or airway problems.
• Measures: Monitoring, adjustment of anesthesia.

Bleeding and Coagulation Disorders

• Postpartum hemorrhages or hematomas.
• Measures: Uterotonics, if necessary, surgical revision.

Infections

• Endometritis: Infection of the uterine lining.
• Wound infections: Seromas or dehiscence.
• Measures: Antibiotics, professional wound care.

Thrombosis and Embolism

• Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism.
• Measures: Thrombosis prophylaxis with heparin, early mobilization.

Wound Healing Disorders

• Slow healing or scar complications.
• Measures: Drains, if necessary, surgical revision.

Pain

• Acute pain: Localized pain at the surgical site.
• Measures: Pain medication, physical therapy.

Psychological Stress

• Postpartum depression or traumatic birth experience.
• Measures: Psychological support, counseling.

Placental Disorders

• Placenta previa, accreta, percreta: Increased risk in future pregnancies.
• Measures: Early diagnosis (ultrasound, MRI), delivery in specialized centers.

Uterine Rupture

• Risk with Vaginal Birth After Cesarean or in later pregnancies.
• Measures: Possible planning of a repeat C-section, close monitoring with Vaginal Birth After Cesarean.

Adhesions

• Pain or organ dysfunction due to scar formation.
• Measures: Laparoscopic adhesiolysis.

Chronic Pain

• Neuropathies due to nerve injuries or scar formation.
• Measures: Pain therapy, possible surgical revision.

Fertility Problems

• Ectopic Pregnancy: Higher risk after C-section.
• Infertility: Delayed conception ability.
• Measures: Reproductive medicine, preventive counseling.

Risks for the Child

• Obesity and Asthma: Long-term health impacts.
• Breathing Problems: More common with C-section before 39+0 weeks of gestation.
• Measures: Promotion of bonding, breastfeeding.

Psychosocial Stress

• Perception of birth as negative or traumatic.
• Measures: Postnatal care programs, networks for mothers.