Complications - Anesthesia examination, Pap smear, LEEP conization, cystoscopy, hysteroscopy, fractional curettage, rectoscopy

• Bleeding: Particularly during conization or curettage, there may be significant bleeding that requires additional coagulation or suturing.
• Injury to adjacent organs: Especially the bladder, ureter, or rectum may be accidentally injured by instruments or coagulation.
• Thermal tissue damage: The use of the LEEP loop or thermocoagulation can cause thermal damage to the surrounding tissue.
• Perforation of the uterine wall: Particularly during hysteroscopy or fractional curettage, unintended perforation may occur, requiring further surgical intervention.

• Postoperative bleeding: Despite intraoperative hemostasis, postoperative bleeding may occur in the first few hours after surgery.
• Infections: Increased risk of endometritis, cystitis, or wound infections in the vaginal area.
• Urinary retention: Swelling or spasm of the bladder may lead to difficulties with urination.
• Thrombosis and embolism: Due to immobilization during and after surgery, there is an increased risk of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.

Since the operation in this case was performed due to a carcinoma disease, the histological confirmation of the tumor extent and the planning of further therapy are the main focus. In many cases, another operation or adjuvant therapy will follow, which is why some of the possible long-term consequences are not primarily relevant here. However, the following complications can generally occur:

• Cervical insufficiency: In principle, a conization can cause cervical insufficiency, which increases the risk of preterm births. 
• Scar formation and cervical stenosis: Healing of the cervix can lead to a scarred narrowing, which can result in difficult menstruation or infertility.
• Persistent dysplasia or recurrences: If not all dysplastic tissue is removed, there can be renewed cellular changes and an increased risk of malignancy. 
• Dyspareunia and vaginal dryness: Especially after thermal procedures or extensive excisions, there can be long-term discomfort during intercourse.
• Urinary tract problems: Rare late effects include chronic irritative symptoms or recurrent urinary tract infections after cystoscopy or bladder injury.